The scandal erupted during the fourth Test between England and Pakistan at Lord’s in August 2010, but investigators believed its roots lay in a wider betting operation. Undercover reporters from the News of the World approached Pakistani sports agent and bookmaker Mazhar Majeed, secretly recording him as he counted out bribe money and described precisely when Pakistan’s fast bowlers would deliver deliberate no-balls. Majeed predicted that the teenage Mohammad Amir would bowl the first delivery of the third over illegally, and Amir did exactly that, landing what television commentary called an enormous no-ball roughly half a metre over the crease. Majeed also forecast that Mohammad Asif would bowl a no-ball with the sixth delivery of the tenth over; that prediction likewise came true. The point was not necessarily to determine the entire match, but to give gamblers advance knowledge of isolated incidents that could be exploited in spot bets.
The revelations implicated captain Salman Butt, Asif and Amir. All three initially denied wrongdoing and were suspended by the International Cricket Council, while Pakistani officials and the country’s high commissioner claimed they had been set up. An ICC tribunal nevertheless imposed severe penalties in February 2011: Butt received a ten-year ban, with five years suspended; Asif received seven years, with two suspended; and Amir received five years. The criminal case was even more damaging. At Southwark Crown Court in November 2011, Butt and Asif were found guilty of conspiracy to cheat at gambling and conspiracy to accept corrupt payments, while Amir and Majeed pleaded guilty. Butt was sentenced to two years and six months in prison, Asif to one year, Amir to six months, and Majeed to two years and eight months. The convictions permanently damaged Pakistan cricket’s reputation, ended Amir’s early rise for years, and became one of cricket’s clearest demonstrations that seemingly minor on-field acts could be treated as organized criminal fraud.
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