At the Paris Olympics on 1 August 2024, Khelif's second-round bout with Italy's Angela Carini ended after only 46 seconds. Khelif landed two punches, and Carini withdrew while describing severe pain in her nose; she was reported to have exclaimed, 'It's not fair!' The abrupt ending instantly became a worldwide political and online controversy, with commentators and public figures falsely claiming that Khelif was a man or transgender. In fact, Khelif was born female, had competed throughout her career in women's boxing, and had been cleared by the IOC's eligibility and medical rules. Carini apologized the following day, saying that the controversy saddened her and that she respected the IOC's decision to allow Khelif to compete.
The IOC responded forcefully, accusing the IBA of having created confusion through an opaque and procedurally defective test and stating that there had never been doubt that Khelif was a woman under the Olympic rules. Khelif went on to defeat Hungary's Luca Hámori, Thailand's Janjaem Suwannapheng, and China's Yang Liu to win the 66-kilogram gold medal, becoming Algeria's first female Olympic boxing champion. The controversy did not end with the medal: in November 2024, the IOC said Khelif was preparing legal action against the French magazine Le Correspondant over an article based on allegedly leaked and unverifiable medical documents. In May 2025, the newly established World Boxing organization announced mandatory sex-verification rules and specifically named Khelif, temporarily barring her from its competitions unless she underwent testing for the SRY gene and androgen-related differences of sex development. The organization later apologized for singling her out, but Khelif's appeal did not suspend the rule, preventing her from entering a 2025 World Boxing championship. Later interviews reported that she had high testosterone and was reducing it under medical supervision, while accounts of her chromosomes or possible DSD status remained inconsistently reported and not fully documented publicly. The lasting scandal therefore involved both the unresolved eligibility debate and the demonstrably false claims, harassment, and privacy violations directed at her.
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