CART, Indy Racing League, Tony George, and the 1996 U.S. 500 / 1990s
The 1996 U.S. 500 was born from one of American open-wheel racing’s most bitter political and commercial feuds. Indianapolis Motor Speedway president Tony George announced the creation of the Indy Racing League in 1994, presenting it as a lower-cost, predominantly oval-based alternative to CART, the series that had controlled most major Indy-car racing since 1979. George argued that rising costs, the shrinking number of American drivers, and the sport’s lack of oval races required a fundamental restructuring. CART owners and executives, however, viewed the new league as an attempt by Indianapolis to seize control of the sport and weaken the established championship.
The decisive flashpoint came on July 3, 1995, when the IRL announced its so-called “25/8 rule.” The top 25 drivers in IRL points would receive guaranteed starting positions in the 33-car 1996 Indianapolis 500, provided they met a minimum qualifying speed, leaving only eight positions available to all other entrants. Because CART teams had declined to contest the early IRL races, virtually its entire elite field would have to fight for those eight at-large spots. CART owners concluded that their teams were being deliberately excluded from the race and, on December 18, 1995, announced a boycott of the Indianapolis 500 and the creation of the U.S. 500 at Michigan International Speedway on the same Memorial Day weekend. The decision split drivers, teams, sponsors, manufacturers, and fans between two rival versions of Indy-car racing; some prominent drivers openly said they wished they could compete at Indianapolis but followed their CART employers instead. The confrontation also produced the bizarre spectacle of two major 500-mile races being staged on the same day, with the U.S. 500 promoted as featuring the sport’s “real stars and cars.” Its inaugural running was further embarrassed by a 12-car pace-lap pileup, but Jimmy Vasser’s victory still made the event the symbolic flagship of CART’s resistance. The feud permanently fractured American open-wheel racing, with the Indianapolis 500 and the CART championship operating in opposing institutional camps for years afterward.
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