After reaching the peak of his career in 2002—winning European Championship gold, setting a championship record of 9.96 seconds, matching Linford Christie's European record, and defeating Maurice Greene—British sprinter Dwain Chambers moved to California to train with Ukrainian coach Remi Korchemny and work with BALCO nutritionist Victor Conte. Conte presented Chambers with what he described as specialized nutritional supplements, administered as a few drops of liquid under the tongue. The substance was actually THG, or tetrahydrogestrinone, a newly developed designer anabolic steroid associated with the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative. Chambers later said Conte assured him that the substances complied with IAAF rules, but the drug had been deliberately difficult for conventional testing regimes to detect.
A sample Chambers provided during an out-of-competition test in Germany on 1 August 2003 was re-examined in October as the United States Anti-Doping Agency investigated BALCO. Both his original and backup samples tested positive, and on 7 November 2003 Chambers became the first athlete publicly confirmed to have tested positive for THG. The scandal connected him to a wider performance-enhancing-drug network involving Conte, Korchemny, Marion Jones, Tim Montgomery, and other elite athletes. A UK Athletics tribunal imposed a two-year ban, backdated to the date of his suspension, while Chambers was stripped of medals and records achieved after he began taking THG, including his 2002 European title and relay gold. His relay teammates Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish, and Christian Malcolm lost their medals as a consequence. He was also ordered to repay earnings and initially received a lifetime Olympic ban, although the Court of Arbitration for Sport later overturned that permanent Olympic exclusion as incompatible with the World Anti-Doping Code. The case permanently damaged Chambers's reputation and became one of the defining revelations of the BALCO era.
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