The Louisville Grays scandal became one of the earliest major gambling crises in professional baseball. The National League had been founded in 1876 by William Hulbert partly to drive gamblers and crooked play out of the sport, but the new league quickly encountered the same problem. Louisville appeared to be in commanding position in the 1877 pennant race: after the games of August 13, the Grays were 27–13, four games ahead of St. Louis and 4.5 games ahead of Boston, with roughly 20 contests remaining. They then endured a nine-game winless streak, including one tie, and ultimately finished second to Boston. For decades, historians broadly assumed the players had sold the pennant, although later analysis concluded that the evidence showed thrown exhibition games and did not establish that Louisville deliberately surrendered the championship.
The investigation began when club president Charles E. Chase received telegrams warning of suspicious betting activity surrounding the team. Pitcher Jim Devlin and slugger George Hall confessed that they had thrown several late-season exhibition games, with Devlin reportedly receiving as much as $100 per game. Devlin was an extraordinary player who started and completed all 61 of Louisville's games in 1877, a workload unmatched by any other pitcher in major-league history; Hall had been one of baseball's premier early power hitters. Shortstop Bill Craver already carried a reputation for corruption, having been expelled by a previous team for throwing games in 1870, while Al Nichols had joined Louisville midseason on Hall's recommendation. On October 4, Chase assembled the club and demanded that the players surrender their telegrams. Everyone complied except Craver, and the messages implicated Devlin, Hall, and Nichols in game-throwing. On October 30, all four men were expelled from the Grays, and on December 4 the National League banned them from professional baseball for life. The Louisville franchise folded after the season. Devlin repeatedly sought reinstatement, once kneeling and begging Hulbert for another chance, but Hulbert refused, telling him that a player who had sold a game was dishonest and that the league would not tolerate it. Devlin died of tuberculosis in 1883, while the other banned players faded into semi-professional baseball or ordinary employment; none was ever reinstated.
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