On 1 February 1981 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia and New Zealand met in the third final of the Benson & Hedges World Series Cup. New Zealand needed 15 runs from the final over to tie the match, with batsman Brian McKechnie on strike and Australian captain Greg Chappell desperate to prevent a six that would force a tie. At the time, cricket's laws did not explicitly prohibit a bowler from delivering the ball underarm. Chappell therefore instructed his younger brother Trevor, who was bowling the over, to roll the final delivery along the pitch rather than bowl it overarm. McKechnie could only defend the ball, and Australia won by six runs. New Zealand captain Geoff Howarth and McKechnie were furious; McKechnie even threw his bat toward the boundary as he walked away. The tactic was technically legal but was widely condemned as contrary to the spirit of cricket, particularly because it made a six effectively impossible. New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon called it an 'act of true cowardice' and described it as the most disgusting incident he had witnessed in cricket, while Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser privately expressed sympathy with New Zealand's anger. The controversy permanently damaged the Chappell name in New Zealand, prompted an amendment banning underarm deliveries in limited-overs cricket, and remains one of the defining scandals in Australia–New Zealand sporting history—not because the match was fixed, but because a legal loophole was exploited at the most dramatic possible moment.
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