The disturbances lasted approximately a week, with fires destroying large sections of Constantinople, including the city’s principal church, Hagia Sophia. Justinian dismissed several unpopular officials and offered apologies and amnesty, but the concessions came too late: the factions proclaimed Hypatius, a nephew of former emperor Anastasius I, as a rival emperor. Justinian reportedly considered flight, while the famous account by Procopius presents Theodora as the figure who stiffened the palace’s resolve with the declaration that imperial purple made a fine burial shroud. Whether that speech was delivered exactly as recorded remains debated, but the court ultimately chose repression over escape. The eunuch Narses entered the Hippodrome carrying imperial gold, persuaded influential Blues to abandon Hypatius, and helped split the coalition. Generals Belisarius and Mundus then led troops into the arena. The soldiers trapped the assembled crowd and killed thousands; Procopius gave a figure of roughly 30,000, although the precise total and the number who died by trampling rather than direct violence are uncertain. Hypatius and his associate Pompeius were executed, senators who supported the revolt were exiled or punished, and Justinian rebuilt Constantinople—including the monumental Hagia Sophia. The crackdown restored imperial authority but did not eliminate factional violence: serious Blue-Green fighting continued, requiring another purge in 565, the final year of Justinian’s reign.
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