Operação Penalidade Máxima and the 2023 Brazilian football match-fixing scandal / 2020s
In February 2023, Brazil’s Public Ministry of Goiás launched Operação Penalidade Máxima—“Operation Maximum Penalty”—after uncovering a criminal betting organization allegedly recruiting professional footballers to manipulate matches. The initial investigation focused on three fixtures from the final round of the 2022 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: Vila Nova’s 0–0 draw with Sport Recife, Criciúma’s 2–0 victory over Tombense, and Sampaio Corrêa’s 2–1 win over Londrina. The syndicate reportedly expected to make about R$2 million if a penalty kick occurred in each game. Two penalties were awarded as planned, but the Vila Nova fix failed when the player allegedly paid R$10,000 to concede one did not enter the match, illustrating how a single lineup change could wreck an illicit betting operation’s entire scheme.
A second phase, Penalidade Máxima II, began on 18 April 2023 and expanded the probe into suspected manipulation of at least five additional matches, including games in the 2022 Brazilian top flight and 2023 state championships in Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso, and São Paulo. Several players—including Kevin Lomónaco, Moraes, Nikolas Farias, Jarro Pedroso, Bryan García, Diego Porfírio, and Nino Paraíba—admitted involvement or reached agreements to cooperate with prosecutors, becoming witnesses rather than being indicted in the same manner. The sporting consequences were severe: on 29 May, Brazil’s Superior Tribunal of Sports Justice permanently banned Romário and fined him R$25,000, while former teammate Gabriel Domingos received a 720-day ban and a R$15,000 fine. Other sanctions were later reduced on appeal, including a 360-day ban and R$35,000 fine for Eduardo Bauermann, but the case exposed a broad vulnerability in Brazilian football: players could be targeted not only to alter final results, but to manufacture specific in-game events such as penalty kicks for betting markets.
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