Casuals United emerged in 2009 as a far-right British protest network built from supporters and former hooligans associated with several football clubs. Its leading organiser, Joe Marsh of Barry, South Wales, was a former member of Cardiff City's Soul Crew hooligan firm. The group presented itself as an alliance of rival football 'tribes' opposing Islamist extremism, but its origins lay in a volatile political confrontation: protests in Luton by some Muslims, reportedly involving the Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun, against a parade for the 2nd Battalion Royal Anglian Regiment returning from Afghanistan. Using social media, Casuals United coordinated demonstrations in Luton, London, Birmingham and other cities, and in July 2009 picketed an Islamic roadshow in London. Authorities treated the planned activity as a public-order threat; Luton Borough Council successfully sought a banning order that prevented the group and other organisations from staging unofficial marches. Further protests, often alongside the English Defence League, took place in Manchester, Leeds, Stoke, Bolton and Dudley. Casuals United disbanded in 2014, but its political and football-hooligan networks did not simply vanish: some former members helped form the Pie and Mash Squad, which Vice News described as part of a far-right campaign against anti-fascist football ultras and left-wing events. The group's former leader, Joe Marsh, was jailed by Southwark Magistrates in August 2015 for a violent assault on a woman during an anti-austerity demonstration, providing a criminal aftermath to a movement that had marketed itself as a peaceful protest alliance.
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