The Manila bout was the violent culmination of a rivalry poisoned by years of personal resentment and public humiliation. Their first meeting, the 1971 'Fight of the Century,' was shaped by the political controversy surrounding Ali's refusal to enter the U.S. military draft during the Vietnam War. Ali had been stripped of his titles and was previously undefeated when Frazier defeated him by unanimous decision at Madison Square Garden, scoring the fight's only knockdown in the fifteenth round. The decision made Frazier the winner, but Ali's rhetoric ensured that the conflict never became a conventional sporting rivalry.
Before their 1974 rematch, the two fighters actually scuffled during an ABC studio appearance while being interviewed by Howard Cosell. In the buildup to Manila, Ali intensified the abuse, repeatedly calling Frazier 'The Gorilla' and explaining that he deliberately angered opponents so they would become emotionally reckless. The strategy had a particularly damaging effect on Frazier, who carried accumulated anger from the first fight, the second fight, and Ali's continuing insults into the championship finale. The feud also produced a genuine rules controversy: Frazier's trainer Eddie Futch claimed Ali had held and pulled Frazier down by the neck 133 times in their second bout, using the clinches to neutralize Frazier and rest. Futch successfully opposed the appointment of Zach Clayton and helped secure Filipino referee Carlos Padilla Jr. for Manila, hoping Ali's holding tactics would be controlled. The rivalry ultimately ended with Ali winning the series 2–1, but its personal bitterness remained as famous as the boxing itself.
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