On November 29, 1900, thousands gathered in San Francisco for the annual California–Stanford football game, then played at the former California League baseball grounds. About 19,000 paid spectators filled the stadium, while many others watched from surrounding streets. Across 15th Street, a newly opened San Francisco and Pacific Glass Works building offered a free but lethal vantage point: between 500 and 1,000 people crowded onto its roof rather than pay the $1 admission fee. Factory employees attempted to get police assistance, but the officers stationed at the stadium refused to let them in. The roof's central ventilator had never been designed to carry the weight of hundreds of spectators, and roughly 20 minutes after kickoff it collapsed under the load. At least 100 people plunged four stories to the factory floor, while an estimated 60 to 100 fell onto or around a massive furnace containing approximately 15 short tons of molten glass heated to about 3,000°F. Victims were trapped by metal binding rods, severed fuel pipes sprayed scalding oil, and the fuel ignited, setting people on fire. Factory workers used metal poles to reach and remove bodies from the furnace area. Thirteen people died that day, nine more died in hospitals, and a 28-year-old man ultimately succumbed to his injuries three years later, bringing the toll to 23; more than 100 others were injured, and most of the dead were children. In one of the disaster's most disturbing details, the football game continued while the rescue operation unfolded, with Stanford winning. Newspapers reported the catastrophe nationally, but San Francisco sports coverage still praised the game as one of the most exciting in the rivalry's history. A subsequent trial's jury blamed the victims themselves and found that no one else could be held responsible, leaving the disaster without a meaningful accountability verdict. The site is now occupied by a UCSF building, and almost no physical memorial remains beyond a cross at the grave of a 12-year-old victim.
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