November 2024 Ajax–Maccabi Tel Aviv Europa League match and Amsterdam riots / 2020s
Violence surrounding the 7 November 2024 UEFA Europa League match between AFC Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv FC became one of the most politically charged football disturbances in recent European history. Tensions had already been rising after the Gaza war began in October 2023. On the night before the match, groups of Maccabi supporters were filmed tearing Palestinian flags from buildings, vandalising property, assaulting local residents, and chanting racist anti-Arab slogans, including calls for Arabs to be killed. A Maccabi supporter was chased into a canal and forced to shout 'Free Palestine,' while men near Stopera were beaten and robbed of phones and passports. Taxi drivers, many of whom were Arab and openly pro-Palestinian, began mobilising after messages circulated online, while Maccabi ultras gathered in large groups and confronted residents at a squat displaying Palestinian flags. Police later found online calls describing planned attacks on Israeli supporters as a 'Jew hunt.'
After Ajax defeated Maccabi 5–0 on 7 November, the confrontation escalated into scattered 'flash attacks' across central Amsterdam. Pro-Palestinian rioters sought out people they believed were Jewish or Israeli, regardless of their actual identity; victims were chased, kicked, stabbed or threatened with knives, thrown into a canal, spat on, and beaten in the street. Some attackers demanded passports, forced people from taxis, and used antisemitic abuse, while Maccabi supporters were also filmed carrying wooden boards and pipes, chasing men, kicking doors, and assaulting locals. Police shifted from attempting arrests to extracting Maccabi fans into protected zones and transporting them to hotels by bus. Seven people were hospitalised and roughly 20–30 others suffered minor injuries. Amsterdam mayor Femke Halsema, Prime Minister Dick Schoof, King Willem-Alexander, and international leaders condemned the attacks on Israeli fans as antisemitic, while Palestinian officials and UN Secretary-General António Guterres also condemned the anti-Arab and anti-Palestinian racism and the earlier conduct of Maccabi supporters. A later municipal report described the unrest as a 'toxic combination' of antisemitism, hooliganism, and anger over the Middle East conflict. Emergency protest bans and stop-and-search powers followed, along with heightened protection for Jewish institutions, while a false synagogue bomb threat and online calls to attack mosques demonstrated how broadly the violence had spread.
The aftermath produced a major criminal investigation and an equally intense dispute over media framing. By March 2025, Amsterdam police had identified 122 suspects, including approximately ten Maccabi fans; 16 people had been convicted of offences including public violence, assisting attacks through online chats, and Holocaust minimisation, although many suspects remained unidentified. Several broadcasters and newspapers, including Sky News, Channel 12, Reuters and outlets that syndicated Reuters footage, were criticised for omitting or initially misdescribing evidence of Maccabi supporters attacking Dutch residents; corrections were later issued by organisations including The Guardian, The New York Times, the BBC, DW and Tagesschau. The violence also triggered extraordinary security measures for later Israel-related matches: France deployed more than 4,000 officers for France–Israel in Paris, and Beşiktaş–Maccabi Tel Aviv was moved to an empty neutral venue in Debrecen, Hungary.
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