The 1979 Pocono 500 became one of the most visible confrontations in the bitter split between the United States Auto Club (USAC) and the newly formed Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART). CART had been created in late 1978 by leading team owners who believed USAC was ignoring the teams' concerns about governance and commercial control. The dispute escalated on April 19, 1979, when USAC unanimously rejected the Indianapolis 500 entries of six powerful organizations—Penske, Patrick, McLaren, Fletcher, Chaparral, and Gurney—branding their 19 cars as harmful to racing and not in good standing. The teams sued in federal court, alleging antitrust violations and restraint of trade. Judge James Ellsworth Noland issued an injunction on May 5 allowing them to compete, although they were barred from interfering with the event; Team Penske's Rick Mears ultimately won the Indianapolis 500.
The conflict then poisoned Pocono's race weekend. After Indianapolis Motor Speedway announced that future automatic invitations would depend on competing in USAC's Pocono and Ontario races, CART declared a boycott of the remaining USAC events. The organization even floated the idea of staging a rival 500-kilometer race at Trenton Speedway on the same day, though it abandoned that plan on June 11. Danny Ongais was the lone CART driver to ignore the boycott, entering because Panasonic wanted exposure in the New York market and association with Pocono's concert-heavy race week. CART fined him $5,000. With most top teams absent, only 25 cars started—the smallest field for a 500-mile Indy-car race since the 22-car 1925 Indianapolis 500—and desperate entrants brought museum-piece machinery such as a 1968 Eagle, a 1970 Manta, and a 1971 McLaren. Pocono later sued CART and several prominent owners, including Roger Penske and Pat Patrick, claiming the boycott cut attendance roughly in half and cost the track $2 million. The case, initially seeking $6.3 million and later increased to $9 million after another boycott in 1981, was settled in early 1982. The split permanently reshaped American open-wheel racing, eventually leaving CART and USAC on sharply different historical paths.
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